Negligence ek aisa civil wrong hai jahan kisi ki carelessness se dusre ko nuksaan ho jata hai. Idea simple hai: agar aapko reasonable dhyaan rakhna chahiye tha aur aapne nahi rakha, aur usse kisi ko damage hua, to aap liable ho sakte ho.
Doctrine teen pillars pe based hoti hai:
- Duty of care – kya defendant pe legal duty thi ke wo plaintiff ko harm se bachaye?
- Breach – kya usne reasonable person jaise act nahi kiya?
- Damage – kya is breach ki wajah se actual loss ya injury hui?
Example: doctor basic protocol ignore karke wrong medicine de de; driver red light tod ke accident kar de; builder safety norms violate karke structure unsafe banaye. In sab situations me victim compensation claim kar sakta hai – medical expenses, loss of income, pain and suffering, etc.
Negligence proof karna hamesha easy nahi. Kabhi expert evidence chahiye hota hai (like medical malpractice), kabhi CCTV, witnesses, documents. Kabhi-kabhi contributory negligence bhi hoti hai – jab victim khud bhi careless ho. Tab damages proportionately reduce ho sakte hain.
Pure “accident” jahan kisi ne reasonable care li aur phir bhi mishap ho gaya, wo negligence nahi banta. Law careless logon ko discourage karta hai, but perfect safety guarantee nahi maangta.