Modern constitutional jurisprudence me privacy ko fundamental right ke core me dekha ja raha hai. Lekin government ko bhi security, taxation, and governance ke liye data chahiye hota hai. In dono ke beech ki line hi surveillance laws ka tension point hai.
Right to privacy ka matlab hota hai:
- Aapki personal information ka uncontrolled collection/use nahi ho sakta,
- State bina strong reason ke aapki movements, calls, messages, ya online behaviour pe constant nazar nahi rakh sakti,
- Home, body, mind, relationships – sab pe ek “private zone” exist karta hai.
Surveillance ko constitutional test pass karne ke liye generally dikhana padta hai:
- Clear law hai jo power define karta hai,
- Legitimate aim hai – national security, serious crime, etc.,
- Measure necessary aur proportionate hai,
- Safeguards aur oversight bodies exist karte hain.
Blanket mass surveillance, indefinite data retention, ya secret orders jo challenge nahi kiye ja sakte, sab suspicious hote hain. Courts jab bhi aise issues dekhte hain, woh balance dhoondne ki koshish karte hain – privacy ko respect karte hue, real security threats ko ignore nahi karte.
Citizens ke liye key point: privacy absolute nahi, lekin sirf convenience ke naam par uska sacrifice bhi justified nahi.