“Specific performance” ka simple matlab hai: court kehti hai, “jo contract me promise kiya tha, wahi karke dikhayo,” sirf damages pay karke side nahi ho sakte.
Property deals me yeh remedy bohot common hai. Aapne flat ya plot kharidne ka agreement sign kiya, full payment ready hai, lekin seller last moment pe mukar gaya kyunki market price badh gayi. Aise case me court decide kar sakti hai ki seller ko sale deed execute karna hi padega. Reason yeh hai ki har property unique hoti hai; paisa hamesha adequate substitute nahi hota.
Business contracts me specific performance thoda carefully use hota hai. Jahan goods easily market se mil sakte hain, waha courts usually damages hi deti hain. Lekin jahan unique machinery, rare asset, IP, ya strategic shareholding ho, waha specific performance consider ho sakta hai.
Court pehle yeh dekhti hai:
- Contract clear, certain aur enforceable hai ya nahi,
- Plaintiff khud ready and willing tha apni obligations perform karne ke liye,
- Delay, bad faith, ya impossibility to nahi involved.
Har breach ka solution specific performance nahi; kahi-kahi purely monetary compensation hi practical hota hai. Lekin jahan deal genuinely unique ho, waha yeh remedy strong weapon ban jati hai, especially buyers ke haath me.